V 


ORGANIZED  1873 


VOLUME  XXXIX 


JULY 

1920 


INCORPORATED  1891 


NO.  3 


REPRINTED  FROM  THE 

TRANSACTIONS 

OF  THE 

AMERICAN 

MICROSCOPICAL 

SOCIETY 


PROTOZOA  OF  DEVIL’S  LAKE  COMPLEX, 
NORTH  DAKOTA 


C.  H.  EDMONDSON 
Pages  167-198 


PUBLISHED  QUARTERLY  BY  THE 

AMERICAN  MICROSCOPICAL  SOCIETY 
MENASHA,  WISCONSIN 

ANNUAL  SUBSCRIPTION  $3.00  SINGLE  COPY  $1.00 

DOUBLE  NUMBERS  $2.00 


■ - / ■;;  i W'  - ? 


V f" 


- -3,  S-  '. 


Fin\e; 


PROTOZOA  OF  THE  DEVIL’S  LAKE  COMPLEX, 
NORTH  DAKOTA 

BY 

Charles  Howard  Edmondson,  Ph.D, 

University  of  Oregon^ 

CONTENTS 

Page 


1.  Introduction 167 

2.  Taxonomy 171 

3.  Experiments 190 

4.  Summary  and  Conclusions 193 

5.  Index 195 


1.  Introduction 

Several  reports  previously  issued^  have  described  the  physio- 
graphic and  chemical  characteristics  of  Devil’s  Lake  situated  in 
Ramsey  County,  North  Dakota.  In  a recent  paper  Dr.  R.  T.  Young,* 
of  the  University  of  North  Dakota,  has  indicated  something  of  the 
possibilities  and  limitations  of  the  lake  from  a biological  point  of 
view,  as  well  as  the  general  scope  of  the  work  already  accomplished 
in  that  direction.  It  will  only  be  necessary,  therefore,  to  set  forth 
a few  of  the  specific  features  of  this  water  area  which  may  have  some 
bearing  on  the  report  to  follow. 

^ The  investigations  included  in  this  report  were  carried  on  at  the  State  Biological 
Station  of  North  Dakota. 

2 Biennial  Report  of  the  State  Biological  Station  of  North  Dakota,  1911-12. 

Pope,  T.  E.  B.  Devil’s  Lake,  North  Dakota,  a study  of  physical  and  biological 
conditions,  with  a view  to  the  acclimatization  of  fish.  U.  S.  Bureau  of  Fisheries  Docu- 
ment 634,  1908. 

Simpson,  H.  E.  The  Physiography  of  the  Devil’s-Stump  Lake  Region,  North 
Dakota.  Sixth  Biennial  Report  of  the  State  Geological  Survey  of  North  Dakota,  1912 . 

Upham,  W.  The  Glacial  Lake  Agassiz,  Mon.  25,  U.  S.  Geological  Survey,  1895. 

® Young,  R.  T.  The  Work  of  the  North  Dakota  Biological  Station  at  Devil’s 
Lake.  The  Scientific  Monthly,  December,  1917. 


168 


CHARLES  HOWARD  EDMONDSON,  PH.D. 


The  origin  of  Devil’s  Lake  may  be  traced  to  glacial  action  and  at 
an  early  period  the  united  waters  of  this  region  must  have  covered  a 
very  large  area.  In  1883  the  United  States  Geological  Survey  esti- 
mated the  area  of  the  lake  at  125  square  miles,  and  at  that  time  it  had 
a depth  of  60  feet,  while  at  the  present  time  its  area  is  about  one-half 
and  its  maximum  depth  one-third  that  of  thirty-seven  years  ago.  By 
a gradual  drying  up  of  the  lake  and  the  establishment  of  certain 
roadways,  it  has  been  divided  into  four  larger  bodies  of  water  and  a 
number  of  smaller  ones.  These  four  divisions  have  been  designated 
as  the  Western  Section,  Main  Lake,  East  Lake  and  Lamoreau  Bay. 
To  the  southwest  of  Lamoreau  Bay  is  situated  Stump  Lake,  in  times 
past  connected  with  the  main  body  and  included  in  the  complex  for 
purposes  of  this  report.  Within  recent  years  Big  and  Little  Mission 
Lakes  have  been  entirely  cut  off  from  the  main  lake  at  its  southeast 
border,  and  parallel  with  the  southwest  border  of  the  main  lake  are  a 
number  of  smaller  lakes,  which  at  one  time  were  parts  of  the  common 
body  of  water.  The  concentration  of  the  water  of  these  lakes  ap- 
proaches or  exceeds  that  of  the  main  lake.  Locally  they  are  desig- 
nated as  lakes  “C,”  “N,”  and  “O.”  A limited  survey  of  these  lakes 
was  made  in  connection  with  the  preparation  of  this  report. 

A general  recession  of  the  lake  by  evaporation  has  naturally  re- 
sulted in  an  increased  salinity  which,  although  varying  considerably 
with  the  seasons  and  localities,  amounts  to  approximately  1%  at  the 
present  time.  The  solids  are,  for  the  most  part,  sulphates  of  sodium 
and  magnesium  and  sodium  chloride.  The  following  table  represents 
the  relative  amounts  of  salts  as  determined  by  the  United  States 
Bureau  of  Chemistry  from  samples  of  water  taken  in  June,  1906:^ 

Parts  per  Million 

Calcium  bicarbonate 119.8 

M agnesium  bicarbonate 647 . 6 

M agnesiu  m carbonate 167.0 

Magnesium  sulphate 1,470.0 

Sodium  sulphate 4,758.9 

Sodium  chloride 1,354.0 

Total 8,517.3 

* Pope,  T.  E.  B.  Devil’s  Lake,  North  Dakota,  a study  of  physical  and  biological 
conditions,  with  a view  to  the  acclimatization  of  fish.  Bureau  of  Fisheries  Document 
634,  1908. 


PROTOZOA  or  THE  DEVIL’S  LAKE  COMPLEX 


169 


The  following  analysis  was  made  by  the  United  States  Bureau  of 
Chemistry  in  1907,  from  samples  taken  at  Station  6,  East  Lake:^ 

Parts  per  Million 


Carbonic  acid  ion 154.9 

Bicarbonic  acid  ion 555 . 6 

Silica 44.0 

Chlorin 1,122.0 

Iron 16.4 

Calcium 31.2 

Magnesium 601 . 6 

Sulphuric  acid  ion 6,254.4 

Sodium 2,725.3 

Potassium 250 . 0 


The  concentration  of  the  water  from  East  Lake  was  somewhat 
higher  than  that  from  any  one  of  five  other  localities,  the  analyses 
of  which  were  made  at  the  same  time. 

In  the  shallower  parts  and  about  the  borders  of  the  lake  the  ditch 
grass,  Ruppia  maritima^  forms  luxuriant  growths,  while  the  greater 
portion  of  the  bottom  is  covered  with  a thick  layer  of  ooze.  In  1901 
Dr.  Heath,^  then  of  the  Department  of  Chemistry  of  the  University 
of  North  Dakota,  made  the  following  analysis  of  the  ooze  from  the 
bottom  of  Creel  Bay,  an  arm  of  the  main  lake: 


Volatile  (mostly  organic  matter) 28 . 80% 

SiOs 27.43% 

Insoluble  sulphates 12 . 78% 

FejOa  and  AI2O3 13.11% 

Calcium 8.97% 

Magnesium 0.47% 

Manganese 0 . 026% 


Moore  (’17),®  in  concluding  a list  of  algae  from  Devil’s  Lake,  says: 
“Excluding  the  diatoms,  of  which  there  seems  to  be  a considerable 
number  of  species,  the  algal  flora  of  Devil’s  Lake  can  hardly  be  said 
to  be  recorded  as  a rich  one.”  This  investigator  attributes  the  almost 
total  absence  of  certain  groups  of  algae  to  the  high  content  of  salts 
in  the  water,  but,  in  general,  he  finds  the  algal  flora  typically  a fresh 
water  one  and  showing  little  or  no  effect  of  the  concentration  of  water. 

® From  unpublished  notes. 

® Moore,  G.  T.  Preliminary  list  of  algae  in  Devil’s  Lake,  North  Dakota.  Annals 
of  the  Missouri  Botanical  Garden  4;  293-303,  November,  1917. 


170 


CHARLES  HOWARD  EDMONDSON,  PH.D. 


Biological  studies  of  Devil’s  Lake  made  by  the  United  States 
Bureau  of  Fisheries  in  1908  indicate  the  presence  of  four  vertebrate 
inhabitants  of  the  lake,  namely:  a stickleback,  Eucalia  inconstans; 
a minnow,  Pimephales  promelas;  the  hellbender,  Crytobranchus 
alleghaniensis ; and  the  leopard  frog,  Rana  pipens.  Among  the 
metazoan  invertebrates  reported  are  crustaceans,  rotifers,  nematodes, 
a flat  worm,  an  arachnid  and  a number  of  species  of  insects.  One 
may  collect  the  shells  of  at  least  fifteen  molluscs  from  the  water  line 
on  the  shore,  but  no  living  forms  have  been  taken  from  the  lake. 
Sponges,  coelenterates,  polyzoans  and  annelids  are  apparently  en- 
tirely absent. 

Investigations  of  the  protozoan  fauna  of  the  Devil’s  Lake  complex 
were  undertaken  as  a part  of  the  general  biological  survey  of  that 
water  area.  Although,  in  many  respects,  this  fauna  was  found  to  be 
such  as  one  might  expect  in  a fresh  water  lake  of  similar  depth,  yet 
some  very  pronounced  differences  were  disclosed.  The  almost  total 
absence  of  shell-bearing  rhizopods  may  possibly  find  its  explanation 
in  the  chemical  analysis  of  the  water.  Arcella  vulgaris  Ehrenberg, 
a very  constant  and  usually  abundant  form  in  fresh  water,  was  rarely 
observed  and  two  species  of  Dijiugia,  which  are  among  the  most  com- 
mon protozoa  in  lakes  where  there  is  considerable  ooze,  were  taken 
only  in  situations  where  the  salinity  of  the  water  must  have  been 
materially  reduced  by  the  in-seepage  of  surface  water.  A species  of 
Euglypha  was  taken  in  the  overflow  of  the  lake  water  from  the  fish 
tank.  The  only  other  shelled  rhizopod  observed  was  a single  speci- 
men of  Cyhoderia  ampulla  Leidy,  taken  from  the  main  lake. 

The  fact  that  the  ooze  at  the  bottom  of  the  lake  at  times  has  been 
found  to  be  entirely  free  from  oxygen  might  also  be  a contributing  fac- 
tor to  the  scarcity  of  these  usually  common  bottom-dwelling  rhizopods 
of  the  shell-bearing  type,  although  the  presence  of  the  larvae  of  a cer- 
tain midge  in  this  ooze  as  well  as  the  work  of  Birge  and  Juday  in 
Wisconsin,^  where  a considerable  number  of  animals  were  found  at 
the  bottom  of  lakes  in  the  absence  of  oxygen,  would  hardly  seem  to 
make  this  factor  one  of  great  importance. 

Experiments  of  a preliminary  character,  recorded  at  the  end  of  the 
taxonomic  part  of  this  report,  indicate  that  certain  protozoa  having 

’ Birge  and  Juday,  The  Inland  Waters  of  Wisconsin;  Wisconsin  Geological 
and  Natural  History  Survey,  1911. 


PROTOZOA  OF  THE  DEVIL’S  LAKE  COMPLEX 


171 


adjusted  themselves  to  fresh  water  conditions  are  not,  in  all  cases  at 
least,  readily  adaptable  to  the  waters  of  Devil’s  Lake. 

The  writer  wishes  to  acknowledge  his  indebtedness  to  Dr.  R.  T. 
Young,  Director  of  the  State  Biological  Station  of  North  Dakota, 
whose  co-operation  made  this  report  possible,  and  to  Mr.  E.  G. 
Moberg  for  his  valuable  assistance  in  collecting  material. 

2.  Taxonomy 

SUBPHYLUM  SARCODINA 
CLASS  RHIZOPODA 
SUBCLASS  AMOEBAE 
ORDER  GYMMAMOEBIDA 

Family  Amoebic ae 
Genus  Amoeba  Ehrenberg,  1831 

Amoeba  proteus  (Rbsel). 

Der  kleine  Proteus  Rosel,  Insecten  Belustigung,  1755,  tab.  101. 
Amoeba  proteus  Leidy,  Pr.  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.,  1878. 

Occurrence. — Associated  with  Ruppia  in  Whipple  Bay,  Creel 
Bay,  Minnewaukon  Bay,  Six-mile  Bay,  East  Lake,  and  also  taken 
from  the  east  side  of  the  main  lake  and  from  the  overflow  of  lake 
water  from  the  fish  tank  near  the  laboratory. 

Amoeba  radiosa  Ehrenberg. 

Amoeba  radiosa  Ehrenberg,  Abh.  Akad.  Wiss.,  Berlin,  1830. 
Occurrence. — Rarely  observed.  Taken  with  Ruppia  from  Minne- 
waukon Bay,  also  from  Big  Mission  Lake. 

Amoeba  limax  Dujardin. 

Amoeba  limax  Dujardin,  Histoire  Naturelle  des  Zoophytes  In- 
fusoires,  Paris,  1841. 

Occurrence. — Associated  with  Ruppia  and  algae  at  the  head  of 
Creel  Bay,  Big  Mission  Lake  (numerous).  Little  Mission  Lake 
(numerous),  and  the  east  side  of  the  main  lake  (numerous). 

Amoeba  verrucosa  Ehrenberg. 

Amoeba  verrucosa  Ehrenberg,  Die  Infusionsthierchen  als  Volkom- 
mene  Organismen,  1838. 

Occurrence. — Observed  but  once,  from  material  taken  along  the 
east  side  of  Creel  Bay. 


172 


CHARLES  HOWARD  EDMONDSON,  PH.D. 


Amoeba  guttula  Dujardin, 

Amoeba  guttula  Dujardin,  Histoire  Naturelle  des  Zoophytes 
Infusoires,  Paris,  1841. 

Occurrence. — Taken  from  algae  near  Brannon^s  Island,  from  both 
ooze  and  floating  algae  in  Creel  Bay,  from  the  east  side  of  the  main 
lake,  and  from  sediment  on  rocks  near,  the  Station. 

Amoeba  striata  P^nard. 

Amoeba  striata  Penard,  fitudes  sur  les  Rhizopodes  d’eau  douce. 
Mem.  Soc.  Phys.  et  Hist.  Nat.  Geneve,  1890. 

Occurrence. — One  specimen  only  observed  in  plant  infusion  from 
Stump  Lake. 

Amoeba  vitraea  (Hertwig  and  Lesser). 

Dactylosphaerium  vitraem  Hertwig  and  Lesser,  Ueber  Rhizopoden 
und  denselben  nahestehende  Organismen.  Arch.  Mikr.  Anat.  Vol.  10, 
SuppL,  1874. 

Occurrence. — Taken  from  the  east  side  of  Creel  Bay. 

ORDER  TESTACEA 
Family  Arcellidae 
Genus  Difflugia  Leclerc,  1815 

Difflugia  pyriformis  Perty. 

Difflugia  pyriformis  Perty,  Zur  Kenntniss  kleinster  Lebensformen 
in  der  Schweiz,  1852. 

Occurrence. — Only  observed  from  Big  Mission  Lake  in  a location 
where  fresh  water  seeps  into  the  lake. 

Difiiugia  constricta  Ehrenberg. 

Difflugia  constricta  Ehrenberg,  Abh.  Akad.  Wiss.  Berlin,  1841. 
Occurrence. — Taken  from  Big  Mission  Lake  in  the  same  situation 
as  the  preceding  species,  and  also  from  the  head  of  Creel  Bay  near 
the  entrance  of  a sewer. 

Genus  Arcclla  Ehrenberg,  1830 
Arcella  vulgaris  Ehrenberg. 

Arcella  vulgaris  Ehrenberg,  Abh.  Akad.  Wiss.  Berlin,  1830. 
Occurrence. — Taken  in  ooze  from  the  head  of  Creel  Bay  and  from 
near  the  station,  also  from  Big  Mission  Lake  near  the  in-seepage  of 
fresh  water;  abundant  in  the  latter  locality. 


PROTOZOA  OF  THE  DEVIL^S  LAKE  COMPLEX 


173 


Family  Euglyphidae 
Genus  Cyphoderia  Schlumberger,  1845 

C)^hoderia  ampulla  (Ehrenberg). 

Difflugia  ampulla  Ehrenberg,  Bericht  Preuss.  Akad.  Wiss.,  1840. 
Occurrence. — One  specimen  only  has  been  observed.  Taken  from 
Whipple  Bay  among  Ruppia. 

Genus  Euglypha  Bujardin^  1841 
Euglypha  alveolata  Dujardin. 

Euglypha  alveolata  Dujardin,  Histoire  Naturelle  des  Zoophytes 
Infusoires,  1841. 

Occurrence. — Taken  from  the  overflow  of  lake  water  from  the 
fish-tank  near  the  Station.  Observed  but  once. 

SUBCLASS  HELIOZOA 
ORDER  APHROTHORACIDA 
Genus  Actinophrys  Ehrenberg,  1830 

Actinophrys  sol  Ehrenberg. 

Actinophrys  sol  Ehrenberg,  Abh.  Akad.  Wiss.,  Berlin,  1830. 
Occurrence. — Rarely  observed,  taken  from  among  Ruppia  in 
Minnewaukon  Bay. 

SUBPHYLUM  MASTIGOPHORA 
CLASS  ZOOMASTIGOPHORA 
SUBCLASS  LISSOFLAGELLATA 
ORDER  MONADIDA 

Family  Rhizomastigidae 
Genus  Cercomonas  Dujardin,  1841 

Cercomonas  sp.  Figures  1-3,  Plate  XVIII. 

Probably  Cercomonas  longicauda  Dujardin.  Very  plastic  with 
caudal  filament  often  developed.  Diameter,  when  spherical,  10^ 
Occurrence. — Observed  in  infusions  from  Stump  Lake  only. 

Family  Heteromonadidae 
Genus  Monas  Muller,  1786 

Monas  sp.  Figures  4,  5,  Plate  XVIII. 

Very  plastic.  Diameter,  when  spherical,  20/ii.  May  represent 
Monas  fluida  Dujardin. 

Occurrence. — In  the  ooze  from  Creel  Bay. 


174 


CHARLES  HOWARD  EDMONDSON,  PH.D. 


Monas  sp.  Figure  8,  Plate  XVIII. 

Length  9ju;  body  persistent  in  form,  anterior  region  very  granular. 
Corresponds  in  some  degree  to  Monas  irregularis  Perty. 

Occurrence. — In  the  ooze  from  Creel  Bay.  From  a stale  culture 
of  Ruppia,  Creel  Bay. 

Monas  sp.  Figure  7,  Plate  XVIII. 

Body  moderately  plastic.  Length,  when  extended,  15-18/u. 
Possibly  same  as  figures  4 and  5. 

Occurrence. — In  the  ooze  from  Creel  Bay. 

ORDER  HETEROMASTIGIDA 
Family  Heteromitidae 
Genus  Heteromita  Dujardin,  1841 

Heteromita  globosa  (Stein). 

Bodo  glohosus  Stein,  Der  Organismus  des  Infusionthiere,  Abth.  3, 
1878. 

Occurrence. — In  dredged  material  from  Creel  Bay. 

Heteromita  sp.  Figure  6,  Plate  XVIII. 

But  little  of  detail  determined.  Length  5/x.  The  form  probably 
represents  Heteromita  ovata  Du  jar  din. 

Occurrence. — Taken  from  ooze  on  rocks  near  the  Station. 

ORDER  POLYMASTIGIDA 
Family  Polymastigidae 
Genus  Trepomonas  Dujardin,  1841 

Trepomonas  agilis  Dujardin. 

Trepomonas  agilis  Dujardin,  Histoire  Naturelle  des  Zoophytes 
Infusoires,  1841. 

Occurrence. — Taken  from  Big  Mission  Lake,  Whipple  Bay,  from 
the  ooze  of  the  main  lake  and  from  the  east  side  of  the  main  lake. 
Abundant  in  the  latter  locality. 

ORDER  EUGLENIDA 
Family  Euglenidae 
Genus  Euglena  Ehrenbergy  1830 

Euglena  viridis  Ehrenberg. 

Euglena  viridis  Ehrenberg  Abh.  Akad.  Wiss.,  Berlin,  1830. 


PROTOZOA  OF  THE  DEVIL’S  LAKE  COMPLEX 


175 


Occurrence. — Observed  from  Minnewaukon  Bay,  Big  Mission 
Lake,  in  the  ooze  from  Creel  Bay  and  from  the  east  side  of  the  main 
lake. 

Euglena  desus  Ehrenberg. 

Euglena  desus  Ehrenberg,  Abh.  Akad.  Wiss.,  Berlin,  1830. 
Occurrence. — Minnewaukon  Bay,  Six-mile  Bay,  near  Brannon^s 
Island,  Big  Mission  Lake,  Little  Mission  Lake,  East  Lake,  and  the 
ooze  from  the  main  lake. 

Genus  Phacus  Dujardin,  1841 

Phacus  pyrum  (Ehrenberg). 

Euglena  pyrum  Ehrenberg,  Abh.  Akad.  Wiss.,  Berlin,  1830. 
Occurrence. — Minnewaukon  Bay,  Creel  Bay,  Big  Mission  Lake 
(numerous),  and  the  east  side  of  the  main  lake. 

Genus  Eutreptia  Perty,  1852 

Eutreptia  viridis  Perty. 

Eutreptia  viridis  Perty,  Zur  Kenntniss  kleinster  Lebensformen  in 
der  Schweiz,  1852. 

Occurrence. — From  the  surface  among  Ruppia^  Big  Mission  Lake. 

Family  Astasiidae 
Genus  Astasia  Ehrenberg^  1830 

Astasia  tricophora  (Ehrenberg). 

Trachelius  tricophorus  Ehrenberg,  Abh.  Akad.  Wiss.,  Berlin,  1830* 
Occurrence. — Among  Ruppia  from  Whipple  Bay,  from  Creel  Bay, 
in  the  ooze  from  Big  Mission  Lake,  and  among  algae  near  Brannon’s 
Island. 

Family  Peranemiidae 
Genus  Petalomonas  Stein,  1859 

Petalomonas  mediocanellata  Stein. 

Petalomonas  mediocanellata  Stein,  Der  Organismus  der  Infusions- 
thiere,  1878. 

Occurrence. — Taken  from  the  surface  of  Big  Mission  Lake  and 
from  the  ooze  of  the  main  lake. 


176 


CHARLES  HOWARD  EDMONDSON,  PH.D. 


Petalomonas  sp.  Figure  10,  Plate  XVIII. 

Has  some  resemblance  to  Petalomonas  ervilia  Stein.  Conspicuous 
groove  entire  length  of  the  body.  Length  36/i. 

Occurrence. — From  the  ooze  of  Creel  Bay. 

Genus  Heteronema  Dujardin,  1841 

Heteronema  acus  (Ehrenberg). 

Astasia  acus  Ehrenberg,  Abh.  Akad.  Wiss.,  Berlin,  1830. 
Occurrence. — From  Six-mile  Bay  and  from  the  ooze  of  Creel 
Bay. 

Genus  Anisonema  Dujardin^  1841 

Anisonema  grande  (acinus)  (Ehrenberg). 

Bodo  grandis  Ehrenberg,  Die  Infusionsthierchen  als  Volkommene 
Organismen,  1838. 

Anisonema  acinus  Dujardin,  Histoire  Naturelle  des  Zoophytes 
Infusoires,  1841. 

Occurrence. — Among  Ruppia  and  algae  at  the  head  of  Creel  Bay. 

Genus  Notosolenus  Stokes,  1884 

Notosolenus  sp.  Figure  9,  Plate  XVIII. 

Length  about  IS/i. 

Occurrence. — From  Whipple  Bay,  Stump  Lake  and  from  the 
overflow  of  the  fish-tank  near  the  Station. 


ORDER  CHLOROFLAGELLIDA 
Family  Tetramitidae 
Genus  Tetraselmis  Stein,  1878 

Tetraselmis  cordiformis  (Carter). 

Cryptoglena  cordiformis  Carter,  Annals  of  Natural  History  1858. 
Occurrence. — Taken  from  Stump  Lake  only. 

Family  Polytomidae 
Genus  Polytoma  Ehrenberg,  1838 

Polytoma  uvella  Ehrenberg. 

Polytoma  uvella  Ehrenberg  Die  Infusionsthierchen  als  Volkom- 
mene Organismen,  1838. 

Occurrence. — Found  at  the  head  and  along  the  east  side  of  Creel 
Bay. 


PROTOZOA  OF  THE  DEVIL’S  LAKE  COMPLEX 


177 


Family  Trimastigidae 
Undetermined  genus 

Undetermined  species.  Figures  11,  12,  Plate  XVIII. 

Description. — Body  elongate,  somewhat  compressed,  slightly 
plastic,  attenuated  posteriorly;  surface  marked  longitudinally  by 
several  conspicuous  ridges ; flagella  three  in  number  arising  from  the 
anterior  extremity,  equal  and  equalling  the  body  in  length;  nucleus 
and  contractile  vacuole  unobserved.  Length  20ju. 

Occurrence. — Numerous  among  Ruppia  from  Creel  Bay. 

Family  Chlamydomonadidae 
Genus  Chlamydomonas  Ehrenberg,  1833 

Chlamydomonas  pulvisculus  Ehrenberg. 

Chlamydomonas  pulvisculus  Ehrenberg,  Abh.  Akad.  Wiss,, 
Berlin,  1833. 

Occurrence. — Taken  from  the  head  of  Creel  Bay. 

SUBCLASS  DINOFLAGELLTDA 
ORDER  DINIFERIDA 

Family  Peridiniidae 
Genus  Glenodinium  Ehrenberg,  1832 

Glenodinium  pulvisculus  Ehrenberg. 

Glenodinium  pulvisculus  Ehrenberg,  Die  Infusionsthierchen  als 
Volkommene  Organismen,  1838. 

Occurrence. — Taken  from  the  surface  and  from  the  ooze  at  the 
bottom  of  Creel  Bay. 


SUBPHYLUM  INFUSORIA 
CLASS  CILIATA 
ORDER  HOLOTRICHA 

Family  Enchelinidae 
Genus  Holophrya  Ehrenberg,  1831 

Holophrya  ovum  Ehrenberg. 

Holophrya  ovum  Ehrenberg,  Die  Infusionsthierchen  als  Volkom- 
mene Organismen,  1838. 

Occurrence. — Among  algae  from  Creel  Bay. 


178 


CHARLES  HOWARD  EDMONDSON,  PH.D. 

Holophrya  sp.  Figure  13,  Plate  XVIII. 

Resembling  Holophrya  ovum  Ehrenberg  but  much  smaller. 
Length  30-40)u. 

Occurrence. — In  the  ooze  from  Creel  Bay. 

Genus  Urotricha  Claparede  and  Lachmann,  1858 

Urotricha  labiata,  new  species,  Figure  14,  Plate  XVIII. 

Description. — Body  ovate,  about  twice  as  long  as  broad,  equally 
rounded  at  both  extremities.  Cilia  covering  the  entire  body,  ar- 
ranged in  longitudinal  rows  and  vibrating  independently.  A very 
fine  seta,  nearly  as  long  as  the  body,  extending  from  the  posterior 
extremity.  Mouth  anterior,  subterminal,  beneath  a prominent, 
lobe-like  lip.  Nucleus  central.  Contractile  vacuole  posterior. 
Reproduction  by  transverse  fission.  Length  of  body  about  30/z. 
Occurrence. — Taken  from  numerous  localities  in  DeviPs  Lake. 

Genus  Frorodon  Ehrenberg,  1833 

Prorodon  teres  Ehrenberg. 

Frorodon  teres  Ehrenberg,  Die  Infusionsthierchen  als  Volkom- 
mene  Organismen,  1838. 

Occurrence. — Among  Ruppia  and  algae  of  Big  Mission  Lake  and 
the  main  lake. 

Prorodon  edentatus  Claparede  and  Lachmann. 

Prorodon  edentatus  Claparede  and  Lachmann,  Etudes  sur  les 
Infusoires  et  les  Rhizopodes,  1858. 

Occurrence. — Infusions  of  Ruppia  from  Big  Mission  Lake  and 
Minnewaukon  Bay. 

Prorodon  griseus  Claparede  and  Lachmann. 

Prorodon  griseus  Claparede  and  Lachmann,  Etudes  sur  les  Infu- 
soires et  les  Rhizopodes,  1858. 

Occurrence. — Taken  from  Stump  Lake  only. 

Genus  Enchelys  Ehrenberg,  1838 

Enchelys  sp.  Figure  15,  Plate  XVIII. 

Length  from  15-20/x. 

Occurrence. — Ooze  from  the  main  lake  and  from  the  overflow  of 
lake  water  from  the  fish-tank. 


PROTOZOA  OF  THE  DEVIL’S  LAKE  COMPLEX 


179 


Genus  Spathidium  Dujardin,  1841 
Spathidium  spatula  Dujardin. 

Spathidium  spatula  Dujardin,  Histoire  Naturelle  des  Zoophytes 
Infusoires,  1841. 

Occurrence. — Among  algae  from  the  head  of  Creel  Bay. 

Spathidium  sp.  Figure  16,  Plate  XVIII. 

A very  long,  narrow  and  flattened  form.  Length  120)u. 
Occurrence. — Taken  from  infusions  from  the  head  of  Creel  Bay. 

Spathidium  sp.  Figure  17,  Plate  XVIII. 

A much  shorter  form  than  the  preceding,  with  a conspicuous 
collar  about  the  oral  extremity.  Length  30At. 

Occurrence. — From  the  ooze  of  the  main  lake. 

Undetermined  Genus^ 

Undetermined  species.  Figures  1,  2,  Plate  XIX. 

Description. — Body  elongate,  plastic,  slightly  compressed  dorso- 
ventrally,  inflated  posteriorly,  narrow  anteriorly,  rounded  at  both 
extremities;  cilia  of  uniform  length  arranged  in  longitudinal  rows, 
covering  the  entire  surface ; aperture  a narrow  slit  diagonally  placed, 
sub-terminal;  contractile  vacuole  posterior;  nucleus  concealed;  endo- 
plasm completely  filled  with  green  chloroplasts.  Length  90/i. 

Occurrence. — From  the  surface  of  the  main  lake  and  from  among 
Ruppia  and  algae. 

Genus  Chaenia  Dujardin,  1841 
Chaenia  teres  Dujardin. 

Chaenia  teres  Dujardin,  Histoire  Naturelle  des  Zoophytes  Infu- 
soires. 1841. 

Occurrence. — Among  algae  from  the  head  of  Creel  Bay. 

Genus  Mesodinium  Stein,  1862 

Mesodinium  pulex  (Claparede  and  Lachmann). 

Halteria  pulex  Claparede  and  Lachmann,  Etudes  sur  les  Infu- 
soires et  les  Rhizopodes,  1858. 

Occurrence. — A common  form  on  the  surface  and  in  the  ooze  of 
the  main  lake. 


* The  form  is  treated  here  with  doubt  as  to  its  taxonomic  position. 


180 


CHARLES  HOWARD  EDMONDSON,  PH.D. 


Genus  Didinium  Stein,  1859 
Didinium  nasutum  (Muller). 

Vorticella  nasutum  Muller,  Animalcula  Infusoria  Fluviatilia  et 
Marina,  1786. 

Occurrence. — Among  Ruppia  from  Minnewaukon  Bay,  Whipple 
Bay,  and  from  the  east  side  of  the  main  lake. 

Genus  Lacrymaria  Ehrenherg,  1830 
Lacrymaria  olor  Ehrenberg. 

Lacrymaria  olor  Ehrenberg,  Abh.  Akad.  Wiss.,  Berlin,  1830. 
Occurrence. — Among  Ruppia  in  Creel  Bay. 

Lacrymaria  truncata  Stokes. 

Lacrymaria  truncata  Stokes,  Ann.  and  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.,  June, 
1885. 

Occurrence. — Among  Ruppia  from  the  north  end  of  the  main  lake. 
Lacrymaria  cohnii  Kent. 

Lacrymaria  cohnii  Kent,  A Manual  of  the  Infusoria,  1881-1882. 
Occurrence. — In  an  infusion  from  Stump  Lake. 

Lacrymaria  lagenula  Claparede  and  Lachmann. 

Lacrymaria  lagenula  Claparede  and  Lachmann,  fitudes  sur  les 
Infusoires  et  les  Rhizopodes,  1858. 

Occurrence. — In  ooze  from  the  main  lake. 

Family  Trachelinidae 
Genus  Lionotus  Wrzcsniowski,  1870 

Lionotus  fasciola  (Ehrenberg). 

Amphileptus  fasciola  Ehrenberg,  Die  Infusionsthierchen  als  Vol- 
kommene  Organismen,  1838. 

Occurrence. — Abundant  in  many  parts  of  the  main  lake,  also 
taken  from  Stump  Lake  and  Big  Mission  Lake. 

Lionotus  sp.  Figure  3,  Plate  XIX. 

A very  small  species.  Length  about  40/x.  Often  seen  in  conjuga- 
tion. 

Occurrence. — Among  algae  from  Creel  Bay. 


PROTOZOA  OF  THE  DEVIL’S  LAKE  COMPLEX 


181 


Genus  Amphileptus  Ehrenherg,  1830 

Amphileptus  meleagris  (Ehrenberg). 

Trachelius  meleagris  Ehrenberg,  Die  Infusionsthierchen  als  Vol- 
kommene  Organismen,  1838. 

Amphileptus  meleagris  Claparede  and  Lachmann,  fitudes  sur  les 
Infusoires  et  les  Rhizopodes,  1858. 

Occurrence. — Taken  in  Stump  Lake  and  from  algae  at  the  head  of 
Creel  Bay. 

Family  Chlamydodontidae 
Genus  Nassula  Ehrenberg,  1838 

Nassula  rubens  (Perty). 

Cyclogramma  ruhens  Perty,  Zur  Kenntniss  kleinster  Lebensformen 
in  der  Schweiz,  1852. 

Nassula  ruhens  Claparede  and  Lachmann,  fitudes  sur  les  Infu- 
soires et  les  Rhizopodes,  1858. 

Occurrence. — From  the  overflow  of  lake  water  from  the  fish-tank 
near  the  Station. 

Nasula  ornata  Ehrenberg. 

Nasula  ornata  Ehrenberg,  Die  Infusionsthierchen  als  Volkom- 
mene  Organismen,  1838. 

Occurrence. — Taken  from  Lake  “N”  only. 

Genus  Chilodon  Ehrenberg,  1833 
Chilodon  cucullulus  (Muller). 

Colpoda  cucullulus  Muller,  Animalcula  Infusoria  Fluviatilia  et 
Marina,  1786. 

Occurrence. — Infusions  of  algae  from  Creel  Bay,  Big  Mission 
Lake,  and  Whipple  Bay. 

Chilodon  caudatus  Stokes. 

Chilodon  caudatus  Stokes,  Am.  Jour.  Sci.  29,  April,  1885. 
Occurrence. — Among  Ruppia  from  Minnewaukon  Bay. 

Genus  Aegyria  Claparede  and  Lachmann,  1858 

Aegyria,  pusilla  (?)  Claparede  and  Lachmann. 

Aegyria  pusilla  Claparede  and  Lachmann,  Etudes  sur  les  Infu- 
soires et  les  Rhizopodes,  1858. 

Occurrence. — Among  algae  near  the  Station. 


182 


CHARLES  HOWARD  EDMONDSON,  PH.D. 


Family  Chileferidae 
Genus  Glaucoma  Ehrenberg,  1830 

Glaucoma  scintillans  Ehrenberg. 

Glaucoma  scintillans  Ehrenberg,  Die  Infusionsthierchen  als 
Volkommene  Organismen,  1838. 

Occurrence. — In  algae  infusion  from  near  Brannon’s  Island. 

Glaucoma  margaritaceum  (Ehrenberg). 

Cyclidium  margaritaceum  Ehrenberg,  Die  Infusionsthierchen  als 
Volkommene  Organismen,  1838. 

Cinetochilum  margaritaceum  Perty,  Zur  Kenntniss  kleinster 
Lebensformen  in  der  Schweiz,  1852. 

Occurrence. — Very  abundant.  From  the  ooze  of  Creel  Bay,  the 
surface  of  Creel  Bay,  Stump  Lake,  and  near  Brannon’s  Island  in  the 
main  lake. 

Genus  Leucophrys  Ehrenberg,  1830 
Leucophrys  patula  (Muller). 

Trichoda  patula  Muller,  Animalcula  Infusoria  Fluviatilia  et 
Marina,  1786. 

Occurrence. — One  specimen  only  observed,  from  the  east  side  of 
the  main  lake.  A very  typical  specimen. 

Genus  Frontonia  Ehrenberg,  1838 

Frontonia  leucas  Ehrenberg. 

Frontonia  leucas  Ehrenberg,  Die  Infusionsthierchen  als  Volkom- 
mene Organismen,  1838. 

Occurrence. — Taken  from  the  east  side  of  the  main  lake  and  from 
East  Lake.  Abundant  in  Six-mile  Bay  and  Minnewaukon  Bay. 

Genus  Loxocephalus  Eberhard,  1868 

Loxocephalus  granulosus  Kent. 

Loxocephalus  granulosus  Kent,  A Manual  of  the  Infusoria,  1881- 
1882. 

Occurrence. — Taken  only  in  the  ooze  of  Big  Mission  Lake  near 
the  in-seepage  of  fresh  water. 


PROTOZOA  OF  THE  DEVIL’S  LAKE  COMPLEX 


183 


Genus  Uronema  Dujardin,  1841 

Uronema  marinum  Dujardin. 

Uronema  marinum  Dujardin,  Histoire  Naturelle  des  Zoophytes 
Infusoires,  1841. 

Occurrence. — One  of  the  most  common  species  in  the  lake. 
Abundant  everywhere  both  at  the  surface  and  in  the  ooze. 

Genus  Colpidium  Stein,  1868 

Colpidium  putrinum  Stokes. 

Colpidium  putrinum  Stokes,  Ann.  and  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.  Feb., 
1886. 

Occurrence. — From  algae  at  the  east  side  of  Creel  Bay. 

Genus  Tillina  Gruber,  1879 

Tillina  saprophila  Stokes. 

Tillina  saprophila  Stokes,  Am.  Nat.,  Feb.,  1884. 

Occurrence. — Taken  only  in  the  overflow  of  lake  water  from  the 
fish-tank  near  the  station. 

Family  Paramaecidae 
Genus  Paramaecium  Muller,  1786 

Paramaecium  trichium  Stokes. 

Paramaecium  trichium  Stokes,  Am.  Naturalist,  19,  May,  1885. 
Occurrence. — From  near  the  mouth  of  a sewer  at  the  head  of 
Creel  Bay,  and  from  ooze  near  the  rock  pile  in  the  main  lake. 

Paramaecium  caudatum  Ehrenberg. 

Paramaecium  caudatum  Ehrenberg.  Die  Infusionsthierchen  als 
Volkommene  Organismen,  1838. 

Occurrence. — Taken  from  Big  Mission  Lake  near  the  in-seepage 
of  fresh  water. 

Family  PLEURONEMmAL: 

Genus  Cyclidium  Ehrenberg,  1838 

Cyclidium  glaucoma  Ehrenberg. 

Cyclidium  glaucoma  Ehrenberg,  Die  Infusionsthierchen  als  Vol- 
kommene Organismen,  1838. 

Occurrence. — Abundant  everywhere,  at  the  surface  and  in  the 
ooze  in  all  parts  of  the  lake. 


184 


CHARLES  HOWARD  EDMONDSON,  PH.D. 


Cyclidium  litomesum  Stokes. 

Cyclidium  litomesum  Stokes,  Am.  Monthly  Micro.  Jour.,  6,  Dec. 
1884. 

Occurrence. — Numerous  in  infusions  from  the  head  of  Creel 
Bay  and  in  the  ooze  from  the  main  lake. 

Genus  Pleuronema  Dujardin,  1841 

Pleuronema  chrysalis  (Ehrenberg). 

Paramaecium  chrysalis  Ehrenberg,  Die  Infusionsthierchen  als 
Volkommene  Organismen,  1838. 

Pleuronema  crassa  Dujardin,  Histoire  Naturelle  des  Zoophytes 
Infusoires,  1841. 

Occurrence. — Observed  in  infusions  from  Stump  Lake  only. 

ORDER  HETEROTRICHA 
Family  Plagiotomiidap: 

Genus  Metopus  ClaparHe  and  Lachmann,  1858 

Metopus  sigmoides  (Muller). 

Trichoda  sigmoides  Muller,  Animalcula  Infusoria  Fluviatilia  et 
Marina,  1786. 

Occurrence. — Common  in  dredged  material  from  Minnewaukon 
Bay,  Creel  Bay,  and  the  main  lake.  Abundant  in  East  Lake. 

Genus  Spirostomum  Ehrenberg,  1835 

Spirostomum  ambiguum  Ehrenberg. 

Spirostomum  ambiguum  Ehrenberg,  Abh.  Akad.  Wiss.,  Berlin, 
1835. 

Occurrence. — Observed  in  dredged  material  from  Creel  Bay. 
Family  Halteridae 
Genus  Halteria  Dujardin,  1841 
Halteria  grandinella  (Muller). 

Trichoda  grandinella  Muller,  Animalcula  Infusoria  Fluviatilia  et 
Marina,  1786. 

Halteria  grandinella  Dujardin,  Histoire  Naturelle  des  Zoophytes 
Infusoires,  1841. 

Occurrence. — Common  in  infusions  of  Ruppia  and  algae  from 
Whipple  Bay  and  Creel  Bay  and  in  the  ooze  of  the  main  lake. 


PROTOZOA  OF  THE  DEVIL’S  LAKE  COMPLEX 


185 


ORDER  HYPOTRICHA 
Family  Oxytrichidae 
Genus  Urohptus^  Ehrenberg,  183! 

Uroleptus  agilis  Englemann. 

Uroleptus  agilis  Englemann,  Zeit.  Wiss.  Zool.,  Bd.  11,  1861. 
Occurrence. — From  the  ooze  of  the  main  lake,  also  from  Six-mile 
Bay. 

Uroleptus  rattulus  (?)  Stein. 

Uroleptus  rattulus  Stein,  Der  Organismus  der  Infusionsthiere, 
1859. 

Occurrence. — Among  Ruppia  from  Whipple  Bay. 

Genus  Oxytricho3  Ekrenberg,  1830 

Oxytricha  fallax  Stein. 

Oxytricha  fallax  Stein,  Der  Organismus  der  Infusionsthiere,  1859. 
Occurrence. — Among  algae  from  Creel  Bay. 

Oxytricha  pellionella  (Muller). 

Trichoda  pellionella  Muller,  Animalcula  Infusoria  Fluviatilia  et 
Marina,  1786. 

Oxytricha  pellionella  Ehrenberg,  Die  Infusionsthierchen  als  Vol- 
kommene  Organismen,  1838. 

Occurrence. — Taken  from  Ruppia  near  the  Station,  Big  Mission 
Lake,  Whipple  Bay,  north  end  of  Creel  Bay,  and  the  ooze  from  the 
fish-tank  after  being  flooded  by  lake  water. 

Oxytricha  parvistyla  Stein. 

Oxytricha  parvistyla  Stein,  Der  Organismus  der  Infusionsthiere, 
1859. 

Occurrence. — Among  Ruppia  near  the  Station. 

Oxytricha  bifaria  Stokes. 

Oxytricha  hifaria  Stokes,  Ann.  and  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.,  Aug.,  1887. 
Occurrence. — Abundant  in  Creel  Bay,  also  taken  from  Whipple 
Bay. 


* Further  study  would,  no  doubt,  result  in  the  determination  of  other  species 
of  the  genus  than  those  listed. 


186 


CHARLES  HOWARD  EDMONDSON,  PH.D. 


Genus  Ilistrio  Sterki,  1878 

Histrio  erethysticus  Stokes. 

Histrio  erethysticus  Stokes,  Proc.  Am.  Philos.  Soc.  24;  126,  1887 
Occurrence. — Among  Ruppia  from  near  the  Station. 

Genus  Stylonychia  Ehrenherg,  1830 

Stylonychia  notophora  Stokes. 

Stylonychia  notophora  Stokes,  Ann.  and  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.  June, 
1885. 

Occurrence. — With  algae  from  Creel  Bay. 

Genus  Holosticha  Wrzesniowski,  1877 
Holosticha  vernalis  (?)  Stokes. 

Holosticha  vernalis  Stokes,  Ann.  and  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.,  Aug.,  1887. 
A form  bearing  considerable  resemblance  to  Stokes^  species 
was  occasionally  observed.  Length  140/i. 

Occurrence. — Among  Ruppia  from  the  main  lake. 

Genus  Fleurotricha  Slein,  1859 

Pleurotricha  lanceolata  (Ehrenberg). 

Stylonychia  lanceolata  Ehrenberg,  Die  Infusionsthierchen  als 
Volkommene  Organismen,  1838. 

Pleurotricha  lanceolata  Stein,  Der  Organismus  der  Infusionsthiere, 
1859. 

Occurrence. — Taken  at  the  head  of  Creel  Bay. 

Genus  Tachysoma  Stokes,  1887 
Tachysoma  parvistyla  Stokes. 

Tachysoma  parvistyla  Stokes,  Ann.  and  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.  Aug., 
1887. 

Occurrence. — Observed  in  infusions  from  Stump  Lake  only. 

Family  PZuplotidae 
Genus  Euploles  Ehrenberg,  1831 

Euplotes  charon  (Muller). 

Trichoda  charon  Muller,  Animalcula  Infusoria  Fluviatilia  et 
Marina,  1786. 

Euplotes  charon  Ehrenberg,  Die  Infusionsthiere  als  Volkom- 
mene Organismen,  1838. 


PROTOZOA  OF  THE  DEVIL  S LAKE  COMPLEX 


187 


Occurrence. — Abundant  among  infusions  of  Ruppia  and  algae 
from  many  parts  of  the  main  lake,  and  also  from  East  Lake. 

Euplotes  patella  (Muller), 

Kerona  patella  Muller,  Animalcula  Infusoria  Fluviatilia  et 
Marina,  1786. 

Euplotes  patella  Ehrenberg,  Die  Infusionsthiere  als  Volkommene 
Organismen,  1838. 

Occurrence. — Found  in  Stump  Lake,  Big  Mission  Lake,  East 
Lake  and  in  numerous  localities  in  the  main  lake. 

Genus  Aspidisca  Ehrenberg,  1830 

Aspidisca  costata  (Dujardin). 

Coccudina  costata  Dujardin,  His  tore  Naturelle  des  Zoophytes 
Infusoires,  1841. 

Occurrence. — Taken  in  Whipple  Bay;  numerous  among  Ruppia 
in  Minnewaukon  Bay  and  also  on  the  east  side  of  the  main  lake. 

ORDER  PERITRICHA 
Family  Vorticellidae 
Genus  Vorticella  Linnaeus,  1767 

Vorticella  telescopica  Kent. 

Vorticella  telescopica  Kent,  a Manual  of  the  Infusoria,  1881-1882. 
Occurrence. — Among  Ruppia  at  the  north  end  of  the  main  lake. 

Vorticella  convallaria  Linnaeus. 

Vorticella  convallaria  Linnaeus,  Systema  Naturae,  Ed.  12,  1767. 
Occurrence. — Attached  to  diatoms  in  the  main  lake,  also  among 
Ruppia  in  Big  Mission  Lake. 

Vorticella  octavo  Stokes. 

Vorticella  octavo  Stokes,  Ann.  and  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.,  June,  1885. 
Occurrence. — Among  Ruppia  at  the  north  end  of  the  main  lake. 

Vorticella  microstoma  Ehrenberg. 

Vorticella  microstoma  Ehrenberg,  Die  Infusionsthierchen  als 
Volkommene  Organismen,  1838. 

Occurrence. — Taken  at  the  east  side  of  the  main  lake. 


188 


CHARLES  HOWARD  EDMONDSON,  PH.D. 


Vorticella  sp.  Figure  4,  Plate  XIX. 

A very  common  form,  resembling  Vorticella  rabdostyloideslL^Micott 
but  is  considerably  smaller  and  the  body  is  transversely  striated. 
Length  of  stalk  12ju,  with  the  diameter  of  the  body  nearly  the  same. 
Occurrence. — Attached  to  floating  diatoms. 

Vorticella  sp.  Figure  5,  Plate  XIX. 

A species  with  more  elongate  body  than  the  preceding  but  also 
transversely  striate.  Length  of  body  28/z,  stalk  68)u. 

Occurrence. — Attached  to  floating  diatoms. 

Genus  Gerda  Claparede  and  Lachmann,  1858 

Gerda  annulata,  new  species.  Figure  10,  Plate  XIX. 

Description. — Body  elongated,  cylindrical,  of  nearly  equal 
diameter  throughout,  curved  when  extended;  surface  finely  striate 
transversely;  a prominent  annular  ridge  present  usually  about  one- 
fourth  the  distance  from  the  posterior  extremity;  peristome  border 
revolute,  disc  slightly  elevated;  contractile  vacuole  conspicuous; 
nucleus  not  observed.  Length  of  body,  extended,  80/i. 

Occurrence. — Among  algae  and  Ruppia  from  the  north  end  of 
the  main  lake. 


Genus  Epistylis  Ehrenberg,  1830 

Epistylis  plicatilis  Ehrenberg. 

Epistylis  plicatilis  Ehrenberg,  Die  Infusionsthierchen  als  Vol- 
kommene  Organismen,  1838. 

Occurrence. — From  the  east  side  of  Creel  Bay. 

Epistylis  branchiophila  Perty. 

Epistylis  branchiophila  Perty,  Zur  Kenntniss  kleinster  Lebensfor- 
men  in  der  Schweiz,  1852. 

Occurrence. — Among  algae  near  the  head  of  Creel  Bay. 

Genus  Carchesium  Ehrenberg,  1838 

Carchesium  epistylidis  Claparede  and  Lachmann. 

Carchesium  epistylidis  Claparede  and  Lachmann,  Etudes  sur  les 
Infusoires  et  les  Rhizopodes,  1858. 

Occurrence. — Among  algae  from  Creel  Bay. 


PROTOZOA  OF  THE  DEVIL^S  LAKE  COMPLEX 


189 


Genus  Zoothawnium  Ehrenberg,  1838 

Zoothamnium  alterans  Claparede  and  Lachmann. 

Zoothamnium  alterans  Claparede  and  Lachmann,  Etudes  sur  les 
Infusoires  et  les  Rhizopodes,  1858. 

Occurrence. — Among  Ruppia  and  algae  from  Stump  Lake. 

Zoothamnium  sp.  Figure  6,  Plate  XIX. 

Stalk  very  stout,  zooids  smooth,  usually  2-8  in  a colony.  Length 
of  stalk  216/i,  of  zooid  64/i. 

Occurrence. — From  Stump  Lake,  East  Lake,  Creel  Bay,  Whipple 
Bay,  and  from  the  main  lake.  Attached  to  algae  or  Ruppia.  A 
fairly  common  form. 

Genus  V aginocola  Lamarck,  1816 

Vaginocola  crystallina  Ehrenberg. 

V aginocola  crystallina  Ehrenberg,  Die  Infusionsthierchen  als 
Volkommene  Organismen,  1838. 

Occurrence. — Numerous  among  algae  from  East  Lake,  also  taken 
from  Stump  Lake  and  from  the  north  end  of  the  main  lake. 

Genus  Cothurnia  Ehrenberg,  1831 

Cothurnia  imberbis  Ehrenberg. 

Cothurnia  imberbis  Ehrenberg,  Die  Infusionsthierchen  als  Vol- 
kommene Organismen,  1838. 

Occurrence. — Commonly  attached  to  floating  diatoms,  from 
dredged  material  and  also  among  Ruppia  in  Creel  Bay.  Also  taken 
from  Stump  Lake. 

Cothurnia  curva  Stein. 

Cothurnia  curva  Stein,  Der  Organismus  der  Infusionsthiere,  1859. 
Occurrence. — Among  Ruppia  at  the  north  end  of  the  main  lake. 

CLASS  SUCTORIA 
Family  Podophryidae 
Genus  Podophrya  Ehrenberg,  1838 

Podophrya  libera  Perty. 

Podophrya  libera  Perty,  Zur  Kenntniss  kleinster  Lebensformen  in 
der  Schweiz,  1852. 

Occurrence. — Numerous  at  east  side  of  the  main  lake. 


190 


CHARLES  HOWARD  EDMONDSON,  PH.D. 


Podophrya  sp.  Figure  9,  Plate  XIX. 

Bears  some  slight  resemblance  to  Podophrya  cyclopum  Clapar^de 
and  Lachmann.  The  lobulated  border  may  have  represented  a 
reproductive  phase  or  possibly  was  abnormal.  Total  height  60m, 
stalk  20m* 

Occurrence. — Attached  to  algae  from  the  main  lake.  Several 
specimens  were  observed  by  Dr.  R.  T.  Young. 


Genus  Sphaerophrya  Claparede  and  Lachmann,  1858 
Sphaerophrya  magna  Maupas. 

Sphaerophrya  magna  Maupas,  Arch,  de  Zoologie  Experimentale, 
tom  9,  Nov.,  1881. 

Occurrence. — From  Stump  Lake  and  the  east  side  of  the  main 
lake. 

Family  Acinetidae 


Genus  Acineia  Ehrenherg,  1838 


Acineta  sp.  Figure  7,  Plate  XIX. 

Body  triangular  in  broad  view,  compre  sed;  endoplasm  very 
granular,  nucleus  concealed.  Total  height  50m,  stalk  20m.  This 
species  resembles,  in  some  degree,  Acineta  lemnarum  Stein. 

Occurrence. — From  floating  material  in  the  main  lake  and  also 
among  algae  from  Stump  Lake. 


Acineta  sp.  Figure  8,  Plate  XIX. 

Body  oval,  slightly  broader  distally,  greatly  compressed;  endo- 
plasm granular  concealing  the  nucleus  and  contractile  vacuole. 

Total  height  60-72m,  stalk  about  15m. 

Occurrence. — Attached  to  algae  from  Stump  Lake.  Commonly 
feeding  on  Uronema. 

3.  Experiments 


Preliminary  experiments  in  transferring  protozoa  from  fresh  water  to  the  con- 
centrated water  of  Devil’s  Lake  and  vice  versa. 


In  order  to  test  the  reactions  of  certain  protozoa  taken  from  other 
sources  to  the  more  concentrated  waters  of  Devil’s  Lake  a series  of 
simple  experiments  were  carried  out  by  which  forms  of  protozoa 
common  to  fresh  water  were  transferred  directly  into  the  more  saline 
water  of  the  lake. 


PROTOZOA  OF  THE  DEVIL’S  LAKE  COMPLEX 


191 


Infusions  from  a small  body  of  fresh  water  near  the  southern 
boundary  of  the  main  lake  were  prepared  and  certain  protozoa  which 
readily  appear  in  cultures  were  used  in  the  tests. 

By  placing  a drop  of  the  fresh  water  culture  on  one  end  of  a micro- 
scopic slide  and  a drop  of  lake  water  near  the  middle  of  the  slide  and, 
with  a needle,  drawing  out  from  each  drop  toward  the  other  a narrow 
channel  of  water  until  the  two  met,  the  protozoa  were  conducted 
from  the  fresh  water  drop  into  that  of  the  lake  water.  To  eliminate 
possible  influence  of  the  fresh  water  a series  of  drops  of  lake  water 
were  used  and  the  organisms  rapidly  transferred  from  one  to  the 
other  until  they  reached  a pure  medium  of  lake  water. 

The  waters  from  the  two  sources  were  kept  at  a uniform  tempera- 
ture and  the  effect  of  the  change  of  environment  thus  brought  about 
was  carefully  noted  by  the  activity  of  the  organisms. 

In  similar  manner  the  transference  of  certain  protozoa  from  lake 
water  to  fresh  water  was  accomplished  and  the  effect  of  such  change 
observed  as  hereinafter  noted. 

A.  Transference  of  protozoa  from  fresh  water  to  lake  water. 

1.  Paramaecium  sp.  A specimen  of  a species,  probably  P^zrawae- 
cium  caudatum  Ehrenberg,  commonly  occurring  in  the  fresh  water 
was  removed  to  the  pure  lake  water  with  the  following  results:  An 
immediate  change  occurred  in  the  organism.  The  body  became 
greatly  compressed  dorso-centrally  with  erratic  movements  at  first 
which  soon  gave  way  to  a more  steady,  forward  movement  with  slow 
rotations  on  the  long  axis.  A noticeable  change  also  occurred  in  the 
contractile  vacuoles.  The  normal  rhythmic  collapse  of  the  vacuoles 
ceased  after  a few  minutes  and  they  became  greatly  dilated  and  dis- 
torted. After  ten  minutes  of  rotary  movements  the  organism  became 
quiet  with  the  cilia  of  the  periphera  and  the  oral  groove  still  active. 
Many  non-contractile  vacuoles  filled  the  endoplasm.  Death  occurred 
at  the  end  of  twelve  minutes. 

A second  specimen,  after  showing  the  same  flattening  of  the  body, 
moved  in  circles  for  six  minutes  then  assumed  the  forward  movement 
with  rotations  on  the  long  axis.  In  eighteen  minutes  the  organism 
became  quiet  with  a highly  vacuolated  endoplasm  and  the  cilia  of  the 
oral  groove  vibrating  feebly.  Death  occurred  in  twenty-six  minutes. 


192 


CHARLES  HOWARD  EDMONDSON,  PH.D. 


A third  specimen  after  exhibiting  similar  physical  and  physiologi- 
cal changes  came  to  complete  rest  in  twenty-two  minutes.  Death 
resulted  in  twenty-five  minutes. 

A fourth  specimen  showed  similar  responses  and  died  in  fifteen 
minutes. 

Seven  specimens  were  then  transferred  at  the  same  time.  Six  of 
these,  after  exhibiting  similar  responses  as  the  preceding,  were  dead  at 
the  end  of  ten  minutes.  One,  after  reacting  in  like  manner,  died  at 
the  end  of  eighteen  minutes. 

2.  Stylonychia  sp.  Several  tests  with  a species  of  Stylonychia 
were  carried  out.  Unusual  responses  were  less  quickly  manifested  by 
Stylonychia  than  Paramaecium  when  brought  into  contact  with  the 
lake  water.  Commonly  after  five  or  six  minutes  of  normal  movements 
a rapid  whirling  over  and  over  of  the  body  occurred  gradually  sub- 
siding into  complete  rest.  Death  occurred  in  all  specimens  in  from 
sixteen  to  thirty-two  minutes. 

Reactions  of  similar  character  were  obtained  from  Paramaecium 
and  Stylonychia  by  the  introduction  of  small  quantities  of  NaCL 
into  the  fresh  water  in  which  they  were  normally  living. 

3.  Metopus  sp.  A short  type  of  Metopus^  common  in  fresh  water, 
was  transferred  to  the  saline  lake  water.  The  most  noticeable  change 
was  an  almost  immediate  flattening  of  the  body.  Normal  rotary 
movements  continued  for  eight  minutes  when  the  organism  came  to 
rest  with  the  cilia  of  the  surface  still  more  or  less  active.  Death 
occurred  at  the  end  of  fifteen  minutes. 

Numerous  individuals  of  this  species  were  used  in  successive 
experiments  with  reactions  similar  in  each  case.  Death  resulted  in  all 
specimens  in  from  eleven  to  eighteen  minutes. 

B.  Transference  of  protozoa  from  the  concentrated  lake  water  to 

fresh  water. 

1.  Uroleptus  sp.  The  form  used  was  one  of  the  elongated  types. 
More  than  sixty  specimens  were  used  in  the  tests.  With  few  excep- 
tions but  with  considerable  degree  of  variation,  the  following  reactions 
were  very  evident:  After  a period  of  from  ten  to  fifteen  minutes 
contact  with  the  fresh  water,  during  which  time  more  or  less  normal 
activities  were  maintained,  the  organisms  came  to  rest  with  the  cilia 
still  in  motion.  The  cell  bodies  became  shortened  and  dilated,  in 


PROTOZOA  OF  THE  DEVIL'S  LAKE  COMPLEX 


193 


many  instances  assuming  a spherical  form.  After  enduring  this  state 
of  depression  for  from  ten  to  fifteen  minutes  the  organisms  showed 
signs  of  recovery.  The  bodies  gradually  assumed  an  elongated  form 
and  normal  activities  reappeared.  Within  a period  of  one  hour  and 
twenty-five  minutes  from  the  time  the  organisms  were  first  introduced 
into  the  fresh  water  all,  with  the  exception  of  a few  which  failed  to 
survive  the  state  of  depression,  had  fully  recovered  and  were  respond- 
ing in  a normal  manner. 

Considerable  variation  in  the  effect  of  the  change  was  noted. 
Of  those  surviving  some  were  slightly  affected  and  wholly  recovered 
in  forty-five  minutes,  some  in  sixty  minutes,  while  others  required 
the  longer  time  noted  above. 

2.  Euplotes  patella  (Muller).  Numerous  individuals  of  this  spe- 
cies were  transferred  as  in  the  preceding  experiment.  The  effect  in 
this  case  was  an  immediate  one.  As  soon  as  contact  was  made  with 
the  fresh  water  the  cell  bodies  became  swollen  and  distorted,  losing 
the  longitudinal  striations  and  all  resemblance  to  normal  individuals. 
During  this  state  of  depression  the  organisms  were  at  rest  with  the 
cirri  in  feeble  motion.  After  a period  of  fifteen  minutes  the  cells  began 
to  resume  movements  although  in  a distorted  condition.  In  fifteen 
minutes  more  the  longitudinal  striations  reappeared  and  soon  after 
normal  responses  were  entirely  restored. 

3.  Uronema  marinum  Dujardin.  The  transferrence  of  this  spe- 
cies from  the  lake  water  to  fresh  water  resulted  in  no  apparent  state  of 
physical  depression  and  no  diminished  or  unusual  responses  to  stimuli 
could  be  detected.  The  species  is  commonly  recognized  as  both  a 
marine  and  fresh  water  form. 

4.  Summary  and  Conclusions 

Summary  of  the  Groups  of  Protozoa  Recorded 

Sarcodina 13  species 

Mastigophora 22  ” 

Infusoria 76  ” 


Total Ill  species 

Conclusions 

1.  The  proportion  of  the  number  of  species  of  the  three  groups  of 
protozoa  recognized  in  Devil’s  Lake  corresponds  favorably  with  the 
same  in  a typical  fresh  water  lake. 


194 


CHARLES  HOWARD  EDMONDSON,  PH.D. 


2.  A most  noticeable  feature  of  the  study  of  this  fauna  is  the 
apparent  total  absence  of  numerous  forms  universally  found  in  fresh 
water.  The  dearth  of  shell-bearing  rhizopods  was  mentioned  in  the 
introduction.  Many  common  species  of  flagellates  and  ciliates  were, 
at  no  time  during  the  survey,  observed  in  the  concentrated  waters  of 
the  lake. 

3.  The  subdivisions  of  the  classes  of  protozoa  are  fairly  well 
represented  in  DeviFs  Lake.  Two  new  species  are  described  in  the 
report  but  with  the  exception  of  the  facts  mentioned  in  the  preceding 
paragraph,  the  protozoan  fauna  of  Devil’s  Lake  cannot  be  considered 
an  unusual  one. 

4.  Experiments  of  the  interchange  of  protozoa  between  fresh 
water  and  the  lake  water  seem  to  indicate  that  the  organisms  of  the 
lake  may  adjust  themselves  to  fresh  water  conditions  with  more 
readiness  than  can  the  forms  accustomed  to  a fresh  water  environ- 
ment accommodate  themselves  to  the  concentrated  water  of  the  lake. 


PROTOZOA  OF  THE  DEVIL’S  LAKE  COMPLEX 


195 


5.  Index 


Page 


Acineta 190 

Acinefa  lefnnarum 190 

Acineta  sp 190 

Acinetidae 190 

Actinophrys 173 

Actinophrys  sol 173 

Aegyria 181 

Aegyria  pusiUa 181 

Amoeba 171 

Amoebae 171 

Amoeba  guttula 172 

Amoeba  limax 171 

Amoeba  proteus 171 

Amoeba  radiosa 171 

Amoeba  striata 172 

Amoeba  verrucosa 171 

Amoeba  vitraea 172 

Amoebidae 171 

Amphileptus 181 

Amphileptus  fasciola 180 

Amphileptus  meleagris 181 

Anisonema 176 

A nisonema  acinus 176 

Anisonema  grande 176 

Aphrothoracida 173 

ArceUa 172 

Arcella  vulgaris 172 

Arcellidae 172 

Aspidisca 187 

Aspidisca  costata 187 

Astasia 175 

Astasia  acus 176 

Astasia  tricophora 175 

Astasiidae 175 

Bodo  glohosus 174 

Bodo  grandis 176 

Carchesium 188 

Carchesium  epistylidis 188 

Cercomonas 173 

Cercomonas  longicauda 173 

Cercomonas  sp 173 


Page 


Chaenia 179 

Chaenia  teres 179 

Chiliferidae 182 

Chilodon 181 

Chilodon  caudatus 181 

Chilodon  cucullulus 181 

Chlamydodontidae 181 

Chlamydomonadidae 177 

Chlamydomonas 177 

Chlamydomonas  pulvisculus 177 

Chloroflagellida 176 

Cilia  ta 177 

Cinetochilum  margaritaceum 182 

Coccudina  costata 187 

Colpidium 183 

Colpidium  putrinum 183 

Colpoda  cucullulus 181 

Cothurnia 189 

Cothurnia  curva 189 

Cothurnia  imberbis 189 

Cryptobranchus  alleghaniensis 170 

Cryptoglena  cordiformis 176 

Cyclidium 183 

Cyclidium  glaucoma 183 

Cyclidium  litomesum 184 

Cyclidium  margaritaceum 182 

Cyclo gramma  rubens 181 

Cyphoderia 173 

Cyphoderia  ampulla 173 

Dactylosphaerium  vitraem 172 

Didinium 180 

Didinium  nasutum 180 

Difflugia 172 

Diffiugia  ampulla 173 

Difflugia  constricta 172 

Difflugia  pyrif ormis 172 

Diniferida 177 

Dinoflagellida 177 

Enchelinidae 177 

Enchelys 178 

Enchelys  sp 178 


196 


CHARLES  HOWARD  EDMONDSON,  PH.D. 


Epistylis 

Epistylis  branchiophila . . . 

Epistylis  plicatilis 

Eucalia  inconstans 

Euglena 

Euglena  deses 

Euglena  pyrum 

Euglena  viridis 

Euglenida 

Euglenidae 

Euglypha 

Euglypha  alveolata 

Euglyphidae 

Euplotes 

Euplotes  charon 

Euplotes  patella 

Euplotidae 

Eutreptia 

Eutreptia  viridis 

Frontonia 

Frontonia  leucas 

Glaucoma 

Glaucoma  margaritaceum 

Glaucoma  scintillans 

Glenodinium 

Glenodinium  pulvisculus . 

Gerda. . 

Gerda  annulata 

Gymnamoebida 

Halteria 

Halteria  grandinella 

Halteria  pulex 

Halteridae 

Heliozoa 

Heteromastigida 

Heteromita 

Heteromita  globosa 

Heteromita  ovata 

Heteromita  sp 

Heteromitidae 

Heteromonadidae 

Heteronema 


Page 

Heteronema  acus 176 

Heterotricha 184 

Histrio 186 

Histrio  erethysticus 186 

Holophrya 177 

Holophrya  ovum 177 

Holophrya  sp 178 

Holosticha 186 

Holosticha  vernalis 186 

Holotricha 177 

Hopotricha 185 

Infusoria 177 

Kerona  patella 187 

Lacrymaria 180 

Lacrymaria  cohnii 180 

Lacrymaria  lagenula 180 

Lacrymaria  olor 180 

Lacrymaria  truncata 180 

Leucophrys 182 

Leucophrys  patula 182 

Lionotus 180 

Lionotus  fasciola 180 

Lionotus  sp 180 

Lisso^agellata 173 

Loxocephalus 182 

Loxocephalus  granulosus 182 

Mastigophora 173 

Mesodinium 179 

Mesodinium  pulex 179 

Metopus 184 

Metopus  sigmoides 184 

Metopus  gp 192 

Monadida 173 

Monas 173 

Monas  fluida 173 

Monas  irregularis 174 

Monas  sp 174 

Nassula 181 

Nassula  ornata 181 

Nassula  rubens 181 


Page 

188 

188 

188 

170 

174 

175 

175 

174 

174 

174 

173 

173 

173 

186 

186 

187 

186 

175 

175 

182 

182 

182 

182 

182 

177 

177 

188 

188 

171 

184 

184 

179 

184 

173 

174 

174 

174 

174 

174 

174 

173 

176 


PROTOZOA  OF  THE  DEVIL’S  LAKE  COMPLEX 


197 


Notosolenus 

Notosolenus  sp 

Oxytricha 

Oxytricha  bifaria 

Oxytricha  fallax 

Oxy tricha  parvistyla 

Oxytricha  pellionella 

Oxytrichidae 

Paramaecidae 

Paramaecium 

Paramaecium  caudatum .... 

Paramaecium  chrysalis 

Paramaecium  sp 

Paramaecium  trichium 

Peranemiidae . . 

Peridiniidae 

Peritricha 

Petalomonas 

Petalomonas  ervilia 

Petalomonas  mediocanellata 

Petalomonas  sp 

Phacus 

Phacus  pyrum 

Pimephales  promelas 

Plagiotomiidae 

Pleuronema 

Pleuronema  chrysalis 

Pleuronema  crassa 

Pleuronemidae 

Pleurotricha 

Pleurotricha  lanceolata 

Podophrya 

Podophrya  cyclopum 

Podophrya  libera 

Podophrya  sp 

Podophryidae 

Polymastigida 

Polymastigidae 

Poly  toma 

Polytoma  uvella 

Polytomidae 

Prorodon 

Prorodon  edentatus 


Page 

Prorodon  griseus 178 

Prorodon  teres 178 

Rana  pipens 170 

Rhizomastigidae 173 

Rhizopoda 171 

Sarcodina 171 

Spathidium 179 

Spathidium  spatula 179 

Spathidium  sp 179 

Sphaerophrya 190 

Sphaerophrya  magna 190 

Spirostomum 184 

Spirostomum  ambiguum 184 

Stylonychia 186 

Stylonychia  lanceolata 186 

Stylonychia  notophora 186 

Stylonychia  sp 192 

Suctoria 189 

Tachysoma 186 

Tachysoma  parvistyla 186 

Testacea 172 

Tetramitidae 176 

Tetraselmis 176 

Tetraselmis  cordiformis 176 

Tillina 183 

Tillina  saprophila 183 

Trachelinidae 180 

Trachelius  meleagris 181 

Trachelius  iricophorus 175 

Trepomonas 174 

Trepomonas  agilis 174 

Trichoda  charon 186 

Trichoda  grandinella 184 

Trichoda  palula 182 

Trichoda  pellionella 185 

T richoda  sigmoides 184 

T r imastigidae 177 

Undetermined  genus 177,179 

Undetermined  species 177,179 

Uroleptus 185 

Uroleptus  agilis 185 


Page 

176 

176 

185 

185 

185 

185 

185 

185 

183 

183 

183 

184 

191 

183 

175 

177 

187 

175 

176 

175 

176 

175 

175 

170 

184 

184 

184 

184 

183 

186 

186 

189 

190 

189 

190 

189 

174 

174 

176 

176 

176 

178 

178 


198 


CHARLES  HOWARD  EDMONDSON,  PH.D. 


Page 

Page 

Uroleptus  rattulus 

185 

Vorticella  nasutum 

180 

Uroleptus  sp 

192 

Vorticella  octavo 

187 

Uronema 

183 

Vorticella  rabdostyloides 

188 

Uronema  marinum 

183 

Vorticella  sp 

188 

Urotricha 

178 

Vorticella  telescopica 

187 

Urotricha  labiata 

178 

Vorticellidae 

187 

Vaginocola 

189 

Zoomastigophora 

173 

Vaginocola  crystallina 

189 

Zoothamnium 

189 

Vorticella 

187 

Zoothamnium  alterans 

189 

Vorticella  convallaria 

187 

Zoothamnium  sp 

189 

Vorticella  microstoma 

187 

EXPLANATION  OF  PLATES 
Plate  XVIII 

Figs.  1-3.  Cercomonas  sp.  x 1000. 

Figs.  4,  5.  Monas  sp.  x 750. 

Fig.  6.  Heteromita  sp.  x 2000. 

Fig.  7.  Monas  sp.  x 1200. 

Fig.  8.  Monas  sp.  x 1500. 

Fig.  9.  Notosolenus  sp.  x 900. 

Fig.  10.  Petalomonas  sp.  x 600. 

Figs.  11,  12.  Undetermined  genus  and  sp.  x 1250. 

Fig.  13.  Holophrya  sp.  x 550. 

Fig.  14.  Uronema  labiata,  new  sp.  x 750.  (Posterior  seta  omitted  in  figure.) 
Fig.  15.  Enchelys  sp.  x 1200. 

Fig.  16.  Spathidium  sp.  x 300. 

Fig.  17.  Spathidium  sp.  x 900. 


Plate  XIX 

Figs.  1,  2.  Undetermined  genus  and  sp.  x 380. 
Fig.  3.  Lionotus  sp.  x 800. 

Fig.  4.  Vorticella  sp.,  including  stalk,  x 800. 

Fig.  5.  Vorticella  sp.,  including  stalk,  x 350. 

Fig.  6.  Zoothamnium  sp.,  including  stalk,  x 250. 
Fig.  7.  Acineta  sp.,  including  stalk,  x 400. 

Fig.  8.  Acineta  sp.,  including  stalk,  x 280. 

Fig.  9.  Podophrya  sp.,  including  stalk,  x 370. 
Fig.  10.  Gerda  annulata,  new  species,  x 500. 


7'KAASACTJOXS  OF  THE  AMERICAN  MICROSCOPICAL  SOCIETY 
VOL.  XXXIX 


IM.ATK  XVTTI  KDMO.VDSOX 


TRAXSACnOXS  OF  THE  AMERICAX  M JC ROSCOPJCA  !.  SOCIETY 
VOL.  XXXIX 


PLATE  XIX 


i<:i)M()Xi)S()\ 


I 


